עבודה זרה כא, ב

עבודה זרה כא, ב

נושאים הלכות שבת פ"ו

1. א
   וּסְתָמָא כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר, דְּאִי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, בְּכׇל דּוּכְתָּא מוֹגְרִי.
   And this unattributed opinion in the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir. As, if you say that this ruling is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, that cannot be, since he holds that in every place one may rent a house to a gentile, including Eretz Yisrael.
2. ב 3
   וּבְכׇל מָקוֹם לֹא יִשְׂכּוֹר וְכוּ׳. תַּנְיָא: רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: לֹא יִשְׂכּוֹר אָדָם מֶרְחָצוֹ לְגוֹי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּקְרָא עַל שְׁמוֹ, וְגוֹי זֶה עוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מְלָאכָה בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת וּבְיָמִים טוֹבִים.
   § The mishna teaches: And in every place, one may not rent a bathhouse to a gentile, as it is called by the name of the owner. The Gemara notes that it is taught in a baraita that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: A person may not rent his bathhouse to a gentile, because it is called by the name of the owner, and this gentile uses it for performing prohibited labor on Shabbatot and on Festivals.
3. ג
   אֲבָל לְכוּתִי, מַאי? שְׁרֵי. כּוּתִי אֵימַר עָבֵיד בֵּיהּ מְלָאכָה בְּחוּלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד! בְּחוּלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד אֲנַן נָמֵי עָבְדִינַן.
   The Gemara asks: It is prohibited to rent one’s bathhouse to a gentile, but with regard to a Samaritan, what is the halakha? It can be inferred from the lack of mention of a Samaritan that it is permitted. The Gemara asks: Why not say that a Samaritan will perform work in the bathhouse during the intermediate days of a Festival? The Gemara answers: During the intermediate days of a Festival we too perform work and heat bathhouses.
4. ד 3
   אֲבָל שָׂדֵהוּ לְגוֹי, מַאי? שְׁרֵי. מַאי טַעְמָא? אֲרִיסָא אֲרִיסוּתֵיהּ קָעָבֵיד. מֶרְחָץ נָמֵי אָמְרִי: אֲרִיסָא אֲרִיסוּתֵיהּ קָעָבֵיד? אֲרִיסָא דְּמֶרְחָץ לָא עָבְדִי אַנְשֵׁי.
   The Gemara further infers: It is prohibited to rent one’s bathhouse to a gentile; but with regard to renting one’s field to a gentile, what is the halakha? Evidently, it is permitted. What is the reason for this? People know that a gentile sharecropper works for his tenancy, not for the Jewish owner. The Gemara asks: But if so, in the case of a bathhouse as well, why not say that the gentile sharecropper works for his tenancy, and therefore a Jew should be permitted to rent them to gentiles. The Gemara answers: People do not usually make this type of arrangement whereby a second party works as a sharecropper of a bathhouse. Consequently, it will be assumed that the gentile is a hired worker who is working for the Jew.
5. ה
   תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: לֹא יַשְׂכִּיר אָדָם שָׂדֵהוּ לְכוּתִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּקְרֵאת עַל שְׁמוֹ, וְכוּתִי זֶה עוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מְלָאכָה בְּחוּלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד. אֲבָל גּוֹי מַאי? שְׁרֵי, דְּאָמְרִי: אֲרִיסָא אֲרִיסוּתֵיהּ עָבֵיד. אִי הָכִי, כּוּתִי נָמֵי אָמְרִי: אֲרִיסָא אֲרִיסוּתֵיהּ עָבֵיד!
   The Gemara cites a similar discussion. It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: A person may not rent his field to a Samaritan, since it is called by the name of the owner and this Samaritan will perform work in it during the intermediate days of a Festival. The Gemara infers: It is prohibited to rent one’s field to a Samaritan, but with regard to a gentile, what is the halakha? Evidently, it is permitted, as we say that the gentile sharecropper works for his tenancy and not for the Jewish owner. The Gemara asks: If that is so, in the case of a Samaritan as well, why not say that the sharecropper works for his tenancy?