‹ הקודם

שבת סז, א

הבא ›

מסכת ודף אחרים בספריא

שבת סז, א

נושאים הלכות שבת פי"טהלכות טומאת צרעת פ"י

א
לְאִשָּׁתָא תִּילְתָּא — לַיְיתֵי שִׁבְעָה סִילְוֵי מִשִּׁבְעָה דִּיקְלֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה צִיבֵי מִשִּׁבְעָה כְּשׁוּרֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה סִיכֵּי מִשִּׁבְעָה גְּשׁוּרֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה קִיטְמֵי מִשִּׁבְעָה תַּנּוּרֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה עַפְרֵי מִשִּׁבְעָה סֻנְרֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה כּוּפְרֵי מִשִּׁבְעָה אַרְבֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה בּוּנֵי כַּמּוֹנֵי, וְשִׁבְעָה בִּינֵי מִדִּיקְנָא דְכַלְבָּא סָבָא, וְלִצְיְירִינְהוּ בַּחֲלָלָא דְבֵי צַוְּארָא בְּנִירָא בַּרְקָא.

For tertian fever, which afflicts one every three days, let one bring seven thorns from seven palm trees, and seven slivers from seven beams, and seven pegs from seven bridges, and seven types of ashes from seven ovens, and seven types of dust from seven door sockets, the hole in which the hinge of the door revolves, and seven types of tar from seven boats, and seven cumin seeds, and seven hairs from the beard of an old dog, and let him bind it to the opening of the neckline of his garment with a thread made of hair.
ב
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לְאִשָּׁתָא צְמִירְתָּא — לִישְׁקֹל סַכִּינָא דְּכוּלֵּהּ פַּרְזְלָא, וְלֵיזִיל לְהֵיכָא דְּאִיכָּא וַורְדִּינָא, וְלִיקְטַר בֵּיהּ נִירָא בַּרְקָא.

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: For healing a burning fever, let one take a knife that is made entirely of iron, including the handle, and let him go to a place where there is a bush and tie a string of hair to it.
ג
יוֹמָא קַמָּא, לִיחְרוֹק בֵּיהּ פּוּרְתָּא וְלֵימָא: ״וַיֵּרָא מַלְאַךְ ה׳ אֵלָיו וְגוֹ׳״. לִמְחַר, לִיחְרוֹק בֵּיהּ פּוּרְתָּא וְלֵימָא: ״וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אָסֻרָה נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה״. לִמְחַר, לִיחְרוֹק בֵּיהּ פּוּרְתָּא וְלֵימָא: ״וַיַּרְא ה׳ כִּי סָר לִרְאוֹת וְגוֹ׳״.

On the first day, let him carve the bush a little, and recite: “And an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from within the bush and he looked and behold the bush was aflame in fire and the bush was not consumed” (Exodus 3:2). On the following day, let him carve the bush a little more and recite: “And Moses said: I will turn aside now, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burned” (Exodus 3:3). On the following day, let him carve the bush a little more and recite: “And the Lord saw that he turned aside to see and God called to him within the bush and said: Moses, Moses, and he said: Here I am” (Exodus 3:4).
ד
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי, וְלֵימָא: ״וַיֹּאמֶר אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם וְגוֹ׳״? אֶלָּא לְיוֹמָא קַמָּא, לֵימָא: ״וַיֵּרָא מַלְאַךְ ה׳ אֵלָיו וְגוֹ׳ וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה וְגוֹ׳״, וְלִמְחַר, לֵימָא: ״וַיַּרְא ה׳ כִּי סָר לִרְאוֹת״, וְלִמְחַר: ״וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם״.

Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: And let him say: “And the Lord said: Do not come close, take off your shoes from your feet, for the place on which you stand is holy ground” (Exodus 3:5). This verse is more suited to be recited as an incantation to cure a fever. Rather, on the first day, let him recite the first two verses: “And an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from within the bush and he looked and behold the bush was aflame in fire and the bush was not consumed,” as well as, “And Moses said: I will turn aside now and see.” And on the following day, let him recite: “And the Lord saw that he turned aside to see.” And on the following day, let him recite: “And the Lord said: Do not come close, take off your shoes from your feet, for the place on which you stand is holy ground” (Exodus 3:5).
ה
וְכִי פָּסֵק לֵיהּ, לִיתַתֵּיהּ וְלִיפְסְקֵיהּ וְלֵימָא הָכִי: ״הַסְּנֶה הַסְּנֶה! לָאו מִשּׁוּם דִּגְבִיהַתְּ מִכׇּל אִילָנֵי אַשְׁרִי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא שְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ עֲלָךְ, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דְּמָיְיכַתְּ מִכׇּל אִילָנֵי אַשְׁרִי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא שְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ עֲלָךְ. וְכִי הֵיכִי דַּחֲמִיתֵיהּ אִשָּׁתָא לַחֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה וַעֲרַקַת מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי, כֵּן תִּחְמֵינֵיהּ אִשָּׁתָא לִפְלוֹנִי בַּר פְּלוֹנִית וְתִיעְרוֹק מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי״.

And when he carves the bush, let him lower himself and cut it close to the ground, and recite as follows: The bush, the bush; not because you are higher than all trees did the Holy One, Blessed be He, rest His Divine Presence upon you. Rather, it is because you are lower than all trees did the Holy One, Blessed be He, rested His Divine Presence upon you. And just as the fire saw Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah and fled from before them, so too, let the fire of the fever see so-and-so, son of so-and-so, his mother, flee from before him.
ו
לְסִימְטָא, לֵימָא הָכִי: ״בַּז, בַּזְיָיה, מַס, מַסְיָיא, כַּס, כַּסְיָיה, שִׁרְלַאי, וַאֲמַרְלַאי, אִלֵּין מַלְאֲכֵי דְּאִישְׁתְּלַחוּ מֵאַרְעָא דִסְדוֹם וּלְאַסָּאָה שְׁחִינָא כְּאִיבִין, בְּזָךְ, בַּזַיִךְ, בַּזְבְּזִיךְ, מַסְמְסִיךְ, כַּמּוֹן, כָּמִיךְ, עֵינִיךְ בִּיךְ, עֵינִיךְ בִּיךְ, אַתְרִיךְ בִּיךְ, זַרְעִיךְ כְּקָלוּט וּכְפִרְדָּה דְּלָא פָּרָה וְלָא רָבְיָא, כָּךְ לָא תִּפְרֵה וְלָא תִּרְבֵּה בְּגוּפֵיהּ דִּפְלוֹנִי בַּר פְּלוֹנִית״.

For healing boils, let him recite as follows: Baz, Bazya, Mas, Masya, Kas, Kasya, Sharlai, and Amarlai, these are the angels who were sent from the land of Sodom and this was all in order to heal painful boils. Bazakh, Bazikh, Bazbazikh, Masmasikh, Kamon, Kamikh, may your appearance remain with you, may your appearance remain with you, i.e., the boils should not grow redder. May your place remain with you, i.e., they should not spread, may your, the boils’, seed be like one who is barren and like a mule that is not fruitful and does not multiply, so too, do not increase and do not multiply in the body of so-and-so, son of so-and-so.
ז
לְכִיפָּה, לֵימָא הָכִי: ״חֶרֶב שְׁלוּפָה וְקֶלַע נְטוּשָׁה לָא שְׁמֵיהּ יוֹכַב חוֹלִין מַכְאוֹבִין״.

For healing a wound, let him recite as follows: A drawn sword and a readied sling, its name shall not be ache, sickness, and pains.
ח
לְשֵׁידָא, לֵימָא הָכִי: ״הֲוֵית דִּפְקִיק, דִּפְקִיק הֲוֵית, לִיט תְּבִיר וּמְשׁוּמָּת בַּר טִיט בַּר טָמֵא בַּר טִינָא, כְּשַׁמְגַּז מְרִיגַז וְאִיסְטְמַאי״.

To be saved from a demon, let him recite as follows: You were stopped up, stopped up you were. Cursed, broken, and excommunicated be the demon called bar Tit bar Tamei bar Tina as Shamgaz, Merigaz, and Istemai.
ט
לְשֵׁידָא דְּבֵית הַכִּסֵּא, לֵימָא הָכִי: ״אַקַּרְקָפֵי דַאֲרִי וְאַאוֹסֵי דְגוּרַיְיתָא אַשְׁכַּחְתּוּן לְשֵׁידַאי בַּר שְׁרִיקָא פַּנְדָּא, בְּמֵישָׁרָא דְכַרָּתֵי חֲבַטְתֵּיהּ, בְּלוֹעָא דַחֲמָרָא חֲטַרְתֵּיהּ״.

To be saved from the demon of the bathroom, let him recite as follows: On the head of a lion and on the nose of a lioness we found the demon named bar Shirika Panda. With a bed of leeks I felled him, and with the jaw of the donkey I struck him.
י 77
וּבְנֵי מְלָכִים בְּזֹגִין. מַאן תַּנָּא? אָמַר רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הִיא, דְּאָמַר: כׇּל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּנֵי מְלָכִים הֵם. רָבָא אָמַר: בְּאָרִיג בִּכְסוּתוֹ, וְדִבְרֵי הַכֹּל.

We learned in the mishna that princes may go out with bells, and the same is true for anyone else. The Gemara asks: Who is the tanna who holds that all people of Israel are permitted to conduct themselves like princes with regard to going out with precious ornaments? Rabbi Oshaya said: It is Rabbi Shimon, who said: All of Israel are princes. Therefore, precious ornaments are suitable for every person of Israel. They will neither remove them to show to others nor will they remove them due to concern that people will think them pretentious. Rava said: The mishna is referring to a case where the bell is woven into his garment, obviating the concern lest he remove it, and the halakha in the mishna is in accordance with the statements of all tanna’im, not merely the statement of Rabbi Shimon.
יא 1
מַתְנִי׳ יוֹצְאִין בְּבֵיצַת הַחַרְגּוֹל וּבְשֵׁן שׁוּעָל וּבְמַסְמֵר מִן הַצָּלוּב, מִשּׁוּם רְפוּאָה — דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין אַף בַּחוֹל, מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי.

MISHNA: One may go out on Shabbat with a locust egg, and with a fox tooth, and with a nail from the crucified, for the purpose of healing; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. The Rabbis prohibit using these remedies even during the week, due to the prohibition of following the ways of the Amorite. These are superstitious beliefs and the customs of gentiles from which one must distance oneself.
יב
גְּמָ׳ יוֹצְאִין בְּבֵיצַת הַחַרְגּוֹל — דְּעָבְדִי לְשִׁיחְלָא. וּבְשֵׁן שֶׁל שׁוּעָל — דְּעָבְדִי לְשִׁינְתָּא. דְּחַיָּיא — לְמַאן דְּנָיֵים. דְּמִיתָא — לְמַאן דְּלָא נָיֵים. וּבְמַסְמֵר מִן הַצָּלוּב — דְּעָבְדִי לְזִירְפָּא.

GEMARA: We learned in the mishna that in Rabbi Meir’s opinion one may go out on Shabbat with a locust egg, and a fox tooth, and with a nail from the crucified as a talisman or a cure. The Gemara explains the nature of each: One may go out with a locust egg, as they use it as a talisman to cure an earache; and with a fox tooth, as they use it as a talisman for sleep; the tooth of a live fox for one who sleeps too much to wake him up, and the tooth of a dead fox for one who does not sleep. And one may go out with a nail from the crucified, as they use it as a talisman for curing infection.
יג
מִשּׁוּם רְפוּאָה — דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר.

We learned in the mishna that going out with those objects is permitted on Shabbat for the purpose of healing; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir.
יד 1
אַבָּיֵי וְרָבָא דְּאָמְרִי תַּרְוַיְיהוּ: כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם רְפוּאָה אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי.

With regard to the halakha in the mishna, the Gemara cites Abaye and Rava, who both said: Anything that contains an element of healing and seems to be effective does not contain an element of the prohibition against following the ways of the Amorite. There is no cause for suspicion of one who engages in their practice, gentile or Jew.
טו
הָא אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם רְפוּאָה יֵשׁ בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי? וְהָתַנְיָא: אִילָן שֶׁמַּשִּׁיר פֵּירוֹתָיו סוֹקְרוֹ וְצוֹבֵעַ אוֹתוֹ בְּסִיקְרָא וְטוֹעֲנוֹ בַּאֲבָנִים. בִּשְׁלָמָא טוֹעֲנוֹ בַּאֲבָנִים, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלִיכְחוֹשׁ חֵילֵיהּ. אֶלָּא סוֹקְרוֹ בְּסִיקְרָא מַאי רְפוּאָה קָעָבֵיד?

The Gemara asks: Is that to say by inference that if it is does not contain an element of healing, it does contain an element of the prohibition against following the ways of the Amorite? Wasn’t it taught in a baraita: A tree that sheds its fruit prematurely, one paints it and colors it with red paint and loads it with stones? Granted, he is permitted to load it with stones because that action produces an actual benefit, i.e., he does that so that its strength will weaken. Sometimes a tree sheds its fruits prematurely due to excessive blossoming. Sustaining those blossoms taxes the tree, rendering it incapable of sustaining the fruits that grow from the blossoms. The stones were used to slightly weaken the tree when blossoming, thereby reducing the number of blossoms that the tree must nourish. However, painting it with red paint, what healing is he performing with that action?
טז 3
כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלִיחְזְיוּהּ אִינָשֵׁי וְלִיבְעוֹ עֲלֵיהּ רַחֲמֵי. כִּדְתַנְיָא: ״וְטָמֵא טָמֵא יִקְרָא״. צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעַ צַעֲרוֹ לְרַבִּים, וְרַבִּים יְבַקְּשׁוּ עָלָיו רַחֲמִים. אָמַר רָבִינָא: כְּמַאן תָּלֵינַן כּוּבְסֵי בְּדִיקְלָא — כִּי הַאי תַּנָּא.

The Gemara explains: He does so so that people will see the tree and pray for mercy for it. As it was taught in a baraita with regard to the verse: “And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be ripped and the hair of his head shall grow long and he will put a covering upon his upper lip and will cry: Impure, impure” (Leviticus 13:45). The leper publicizes the fact that he is ritually impure because he must announce his pain to the masses, and the masses will pray for mercy on his behalf. Ravina said: In accordance with whose opinion do we hang bunches of unripe dates on a palm tree that casts off its dates? According to that tanna who taught that one must publicize his pain to the masses.
יז 3
תָּנֵי תַּנָּא בְּפֶרֶק אֱמוֹרָאֵי קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אָבִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: כּוּלְּהוּ אִית בְּהוּ מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי, לְבַר מֵהָנֵי: מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ עֶצֶם בִּגְרוֹנוֹ מֵבִיא מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין וּמַנִּיחַ לֵיהּ עַל קׇדְקֳדוֹ, וְלֵימָא הָכִי: ״חַד חַד נָחֵית בָּלַע, בָּלַע נָחֵית חַד חַד״, אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי.

The tanna recited the chapter of the Tosefta discussing the actions of the Amorites before Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin said to him: All those enumerated there contain an element of the prohibition against following the ways of the Amorite, except for these: One who has a bone in his throat brings a bone from the same species as the bone that is stuck in his throat, and places it on his skull, and says as follows: One by one descend and be swallowed, swallow and descend one by one. That does not contain an element of the prohibition against following the ways of the Amorite.
יח
לְאִדְּרָא לֵימָא הָכִי: ״נִנְּעַצְתָּא כְּמַחַט, נִנְעַלְּתָא כִּתְרִיס, שַׁיָּיא שַׁיָּיא״.

For a fish bone stuck in the throat, let him say as follows: You are stuck like a needle, locked as a shutter, go down, go down.